The opioid crisis has taken on many forms over the past few decades, with new substances continually emerging to fuel the epidemic. One of the most recent threats is a group of synthetic opioids known as nitazenes. Often even more potent than fentanyl, these dangerous drugs pose a significant risk to those who use them, especially when mixed with other substances.
What Are Nitazenes?
Nitazenes are a class of synthetic opioids that were originally developed in the 1950s as potential alternatives to morphine. However, due to their extreme potency, they were never approved for medical use.1 Recently, these substances have resurfaced in the illicit drug market, where they are often mixed with or sold as other opioids, such as heroin or fentanyl.
Synthetic opioids are man-made drugs designed to mimic the effects of naturally occurring opioids like morphine and codeine. Unlike natural opioids, synthetic versions are produced entirely in laboratories, allowing for chemical manipulation that can make them significantly more potent.
Nitazenes work similarly to other opioids by binding to receptors in the brain to block pain and produce feelings of euphoria. Unfortunately, their potency makes them particularly dangerous. Some forms of nitazenes are estimated to be as much as 40 times more powerful than fentanyl, which already has a reputation for its lethal strength.2
The Dangers of Nitazenes
The dangers of nitazenes are considerable, particularly because of their extreme potency and the fact that they are often mixed with other substances.
Increased Risk of Overdose
Nitazenes are significantly stronger than most other opioids, which means that even a small amount can lead to an overdose. People who are unaware they are consuming nitazenes are especially at risk, as they may take doses that are far too high.
Lack of Awareness
Unlike fentanyl, nitazenes are not well-known to many drug users. This lack of awareness can lead to people underestimating the risk or not recognizing the symptoms of nitazene exposure.
Limited Testing
Because nitazenes are emerging as a recreational drug, they are not always detected by standard drug tests. This can make it difficult for healthcare providers to identify the cause of an overdose or provide the appropriate treatment.
Potential Resistance to Naloxone
While naloxone (Narcan) is effective in reversing many opioid overdoses, the extreme potency of nitazenes may make it less effective, or require higher doses, to counteract an overdose. This increases the danger for those using nitazenes, as well as the difficulty for first responders.
Signs of Nitazene Use and Overdose
As with other opioids, nitazenes can cause a range of symptoms, particularly at higher doses. Some common signs of nitazene use or overdose include:
- Respiratory depression – Difficulty breathing or shallow, slow breaths are classic signs of opioid overdose. Given the potency of nitazenes, respiratory depression can occur rapidly and be more severe.
- Extreme sedation – Those who use nitazines may appear drowsy or lose consciousness. In severe cases, they may be unresponsive.
- Pinpoint pupils – Constricted pupils are a tell-tale sign of opioid use, including nitazenes.
- Bluish skin or lips – Cyanosis, or a bluish tint to the skin, is a serious sign of oxygen deprivation that can result from respiratory depression.
If you notice these signs in someone, seek medical help immediately. Administering naloxone may help, but because nitazenes are so potent, multiple doses may be necessary.
RCA Is Ready to Help
Nitazenes are an emerging threat in the ongoing opioid crisis. If you or a loved one is struggling with opioid use, know that help is available. Recovery Centers of America offers compassionate, evidence-based treatment programs to help you or your loved one take the first steps toward recovery. Contact RCA today at 833.926.5486 to learn more about how we can support your journey to lasting sobriety.
Sources:
1. National Library of Medicine – Old Drugs and New Challenges: A Narrative Review of Nitazenes
