Relapse is often seen as a setback or failure in the recovery journey, but a relapse doesn’t erase progress. While a return to drug or alcohol use isn’t inevitable or a necessary part of addiction recovery, it is common. Being prepared for the reality of relapse, whether you’re in recovery yourself or are supporting someone who is, can help you recognize the signs and symptoms of relapse and take action to prevent it.
Relapse rates for substance use disorders hover around 50%, even after intensive treatment.1 This doesn’t mean that treatment isn’t effective—it means that addiction is a chronic disease, one that requires ongoing management and support.
What Is Relapse?
Relapse, in the context of addiction, refers to a return to drug or alcohol use after a period of abstinence. It can happen at any point in the recovery journey, whether someone has been sober for days, months, or even years. Stress, loneliness, grief, and even positive experiences like a celebration or promotion can trigger intense cravings and the desire to use substances again.
Relapse is not indicative of failure. Many people experience it during their recovery journey, using it as a moment to reassess and strengthen their resolve. Recovery is a long-term process, and each step, including stumbles, plays a role in reaching long-term sobriety.
Stages of Relapse: What to Watch For
Relapse is often viewed as a progressive process rather than a singular event. The emotional, mental, and physical stages of relapse are the warning signs that someone may be headed back toward drug or alcohol use.
Emotional Stage
In the emotional stage, people may not consciously think about using substances. However, their emotions start to reflect the stress that can lead to relapse. Watch out for signs like:
- Anxiety or excessive worry.
- Irritability and mood swings.
- Withdrawal from social engagements.
- Increased sadness or feelings of hopelessness.
- Anger and frustration towards themselves or others.
Mental Stage
The mental stage involves an internal conflict where the person may start craving substance use or romanticize past usage. They might:
- Experience intense cravings.
- Start bargaining with themselves about future use.
- Glorify past substance use experiences.
Physical Stage
The final stage is when actual substance use occurs. It’s often the culmination of not addressing the emotional and mental stages. Physical relapse is the point where action must be swift to prevent a full return to previous habits.
Common Triggers and Environmental Influences
Identifying triggers and understanding environmental influences can provide a safety net against relapse.
Stress and Surroundings
Everyday stresses, such as work pressure or personal issues, can lead to relapse. Specific environments associated with past substance use can also trigger urges. Planning for healthy outlets can help reduce stress and prevent relapse.
Negative Emotions
Negative emotions, such as anger, sadness, or boredom, can easily trigger substance use cravings. Developing coping mechanisms and practicing self-care can help manage these intense emotions.
Social Influences
Relationships, both old and new, can influence recovery stability. Old friends who still use substances or new acquaintances who don’t understand your boundaries might inadvertently encourage relapse.
How to Respond to the Signs of Relapse
Knowing how to respond when signs of relapse appear can make a significant difference.
Immediate Steps
- Acknowledge the signs—denial can often exacerbate the situation.
- Reach out to trusted friends or family who understand what you’re facing.
- Engage in activities that distract and refocus your energy positively.
- Talk to a therapist or sponsor for additional support.
Long-Term Strategies
- Identify triggers and develop an action plan to help cope with them.
- Practice self-care, including regular exercise, healthy eating, and mindfulness techniques.
- Create a relapse prevention plan with your therapist or support system.
- Attend therapy or support group meetings regularly.
Supporting a Loved One in Recovery
If you’re part of the support system for someone in recovery, know that your role isn’t to be always on, constantly vigilant, or their sobriety police. Boundaries are necessary—make sure to look after your mental and emotional well-being, too.
Try to listen without judgment, provide encouragement and support, and encourage them to seek help from professionals or a support group if needed. Know the symptoms of relapse and gently bring them up if you start to see warning signs. Being a rational, non-judgmental sounding board can help your loved one see the potential consequences of a relapse—it’s easy to glorify the first stages of substance use, but there’s a reason they first sought treatment.
Recovery Centers of America’s family services include specialized support for loved ones. We can help you learn more about addiction, understand the recovery process, and provide resources to support your loved one’s journey.
Reach Out for Help from Recovery Centers of America
Relapse doesn’t have to be part of your journey. Know the signs and stages, identify your triggers, and make a plan to prevent it. If you or a loved one is struggling with addiction, Recovery Centers of America is here for you with multiple best-in-class inpatient and outpatient centers across seven states.
Call 833.926.5486 to speak with a Treatment Advisor and continue the journey to lasting recovery.
Source:
1. National Library of Medicine – Addiction Relapse Prevention
